필터
“3105” 에 대한 검색 결과 8 건
정렬 기준:
알파벳순 (A-Z)
베스트셀러
H11-hB2M&HLA-A11
제품 ID:
I001139
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6NCya
상태:
설명:
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A11 is one of the most common HLA class I alleles and is associated with infectious diseases (such as familial otosclerosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and leprosy), tumors, and autoimmune diseases. The H11-hB2M&HLA-A11 mouse model is constructed by integrating the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A11 gene into the H11 safe harbor locus of mice using gene editing technology. This mouse model can be used to identify viral peptides that express HLA-A11 binding sequences.
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A11 is one of the most common HLA class I alleles and is associated with infectious diseases (such as familial otosclerosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and leprosy), tumors, and autoimmune diseases. The H11-hB2M&HLA-A11 mouse model is constructed by integrating the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A11 gene into the H11 safe harbor locus of mice using gene editing technology. This mouse model can be used to identify viral peptides that express HLA-A11 binding sequences.
H11-hB2M & HLA-A24
제품 ID:
I001137
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6NCya
상태:
설명:
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A24 (A24) is a human leukocyte antigen of the HLA-A serotype group, with its alpha chain encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele and its beta chain encoded by the B2M gene. The H11-hB2M&HLA-A24 mouse model is constructed by integrating the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A24 gene into the H11 safe harbor locus of mice using gene editing technology. This humanized model can be used to identify viral peptides that express HLA-A24 binding sequences.
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A24 (A24) is a human leukocyte antigen of the HLA-A serotype group, with its alpha chain encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele and its beta chain encoded by the B2M gene. The H11-hB2M&HLA-A24 mouse model is constructed by integrating the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A24 gene into the H11 safe harbor locus of mice using gene editing technology. This humanized model can be used to identify viral peptides that express HLA-A24 binding sequences.
H11-hB2M & HLA-A2.1
제품 ID:
I001138
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6NCya
상태:
설명:
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A2.1 is a subtype of class I HLA and one of the most common HLA subtypes globally. The H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mouse model is constructed by integrating the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A2.1 gene into the H11 safe harbor locus of mice using gene editing technology. This humanized model can play a significant role in studying the determinants of HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and in the development of potential viral vaccines.
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A2.1 is a subtype of class I HLA and one of the most common HLA subtypes globally. The H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mouse model is constructed by integrating the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A2.1 gene into the H11 safe harbor locus of mice using gene editing technology. This humanized model can play a significant role in studying the determinants of HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and in the development of potential viral vaccines.
H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1/B2m-KO
제품 ID:
C001696
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6N;6JCya
상태:
설명:
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A2.1 is a subtype of class I HLA and is one of the most common HLA subtypes worldwide. HLA-A2.1 plays an important role in the immune system, especially in the presentation of antigens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells). This presentation process is essential for the immune response of the human body to a variety of pathogens, particularly in the response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In addition, HLA-A2.1 is also involved in the immune response to cancer cells, further emphasizing its importance in the human immune system.
The H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1/B2m-KO mice are a humanized model obtained by mating H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mice (Catalog Number: I001138) with the B2m gene knockout mouse model (Catalog Number: S-KO-19919). While knocking out the mouse B2m gene, the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A2.1 gene is integrated into the H11 safe harbor locus, which may be able to recapitulate the immune response of the human HLA-A*0201 (MHCI) subtype. This model can play an important role in studying the determinants of HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the development of potential viral vaccines and helps research the human immune response to a variety of antigens.
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
HLA-A2.1 is a subtype of class I HLA and is one of the most common HLA subtypes worldwide. HLA-A2.1 plays an important role in the immune system, especially in the presentation of antigens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells). This presentation process is essential for the immune response of the human body to a variety of pathogens, particularly in the response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In addition, HLA-A2.1 is also involved in the immune response to cancer cells, further emphasizing its importance in the human immune system.
The H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1/B2m-KO mice are a humanized model obtained by mating H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mice (Catalog Number: I001138) with the B2m gene knockout mouse model (Catalog Number: S-KO-19919). While knocking out the mouse B2m gene, the chimeric H2-K1 HLA-A2.1 gene is integrated into the H11 safe harbor locus, which may be able to recapitulate the immune response of the human HLA-A*0201 (MHCI) subtype. This model can play an important role in studying the determinants of HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the development of potential viral vaccines and helps research the human immune response to a variety of antigens.
NKG-H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1
제품 ID:
C001844
계통(Strain):
NKG
상태:
설명:
NKG mice are a type of severe immunodeficient mouse developed by Cyagen by deleting the Il2rg gene from the NOD-Scid strain. This strain lacks mature T, B, and NK cells, exhibits reduced complement activity, and weak macrophage phagocytosis of human cells. As a result, NKG mice can efficiently engraft human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), patient-derived xenografts (PDX), or adult stem cells and tissues.
In immunology research, direct studies on mice may not fully represent the human immune system due to physiological and immune system differences. However, by transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into immunodeficient mice, we can partially or completely replace the mouse immune system with a human counterpart. This approach enables in vivo simulation of human immune system function, providing an effective model for studying human immunity. However, in actual human-mouse xenotransplantation, due to the lack of specific human cytokines and supportive stromal cells in mice, transplantation using conventional immunodeficient mice is likely to result in variations in immune reconstitution efficiency. Modifying immunodeficient mice via gene editing technology to establish a humanized immune microenvironment in mice and promote the functional maturation of human-derived cells is a universal strategy for improving the efficiency of immune reconstitution in xenotransplantation.
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
NKG-H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mouse is a model constructed via gene editing technology, in which the H2-K1 chimeric HLA-A2.1 gene is knocked into the H11 locus of mice on the NKG strain background. Compared with NKG mice, NKG-H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mice generate functional human T cell subsets with HLA-restricted immune responses after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) developed in immunologically reconstituted mice recognize pathogens in an HLA-restricted manner and exert HLA-restricted cytotoxicity against infected human B cells [4]. This model provides an ideal platform for investigating human immune responses to pathogens, HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, and related research areas.
NKG mice are a type of severe immunodeficient mouse developed by Cyagen by deleting the Il2rg gene from the NOD-Scid strain. This strain lacks mature T, B, and NK cells, exhibits reduced complement activity, and weak macrophage phagocytosis of human cells. As a result, NKG mice can efficiently engraft human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), patient-derived xenografts (PDX), or adult stem cells and tissues.
In immunology research, direct studies on mice may not fully represent the human immune system due to physiological and immune system differences. However, by transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into immunodeficient mice, we can partially or completely replace the mouse immune system with a human counterpart. This approach enables in vivo simulation of human immune system function, providing an effective model for studying human immunity. However, in actual human-mouse xenotransplantation, due to the lack of specific human cytokines and supportive stromal cells in mice, transplantation using conventional immunodeficient mice is likely to result in variations in immune reconstitution efficiency. Modifying immunodeficient mice via gene editing technology to establish a humanized immune microenvironment in mice and promote the functional maturation of human-derived cells is a universal strategy for improving the efficiency of immune reconstitution in xenotransplantation.
The B2M gene encodes beta-2 microglobulin, a serum protein on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells along with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain. It is an essential component for transporting MHC class I proteins to the cell surface. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is a group of protein molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells responsible for antigen presentation. HLA mainly includes HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I molecules (such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) primarily present antigens to CD8+ T cells and play a central role in the immune system. Through antigen presentation by HLA class I, the body can effectively recognize abnormal peptides, triggering targeted immune responses for immune clearance. Studies have shown that peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell (TH) epitopes have significant effects in inducing cellular immune responses [1]. Due to species differences between mice and humans, and the varying ability of different HLA molecule subtypes to present different antigens, mouse-derived HLA cannot effectively simulate the immune response of human HLA subtypes. Therefore, constructing mice carrying human HLA genes helps to advance the study of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, such as identifying immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and optimizing DNA vaccine constructs for human use [2-3].
NKG-H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mouse is a model constructed via gene editing technology, in which the H2-K1 chimeric HLA-A2.1 gene is knocked into the H11 locus of mice on the NKG strain background. Compared with NKG mice, NKG-H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mice generate functional human T cell subsets with HLA-restricted immune responses after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) developed in immunologically reconstituted mice recognize pathogens in an HLA-restricted manner and exert HLA-restricted cytotoxicity against infected human B cells [4]. This model provides an ideal platform for investigating human immune responses to pathogens, HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, and related research areas.
Mag-KO
제품 ID:
S-KO-03105
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6JCya
상태:
설명:
Mag is located on chromosome 7 of mice. Nuclease Technology was used to design sgRNA; Mag knockout mice were obtained by applying high-throughput electroporation of fertilized eggs. After sexual maturity, sperm were collected for cryopreservation.
Mag is located on chromosome 7 of mice. Nuclease Technology was used to design sgRNA; Mag knockout mice were obtained by applying high-throughput electroporation of fertilized eggs. After sexual maturity, sperm were collected for cryopreservation.
Il4ra-flox
제품 ID:
S-CKO-03105
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6JCya
상태:
설명:
Il4ra is located on chromosome 7 of mice. SgRNA and ssDNA were designed using Nuclease Technology; Il4ra conditional knockout mice were obtained by high-throughput electroporation of fertilized eggs. After sexual maturity, sperm were collected for cryopreservation.
Il4ra is located on chromosome 7 of mice. SgRNA and ssDNA were designed using Nuclease Technology; Il4ra conditional knockout mice were obtained by high-throughput electroporation of fertilized eggs. After sexual maturity, sperm were collected for cryopreservation.
B6-hCD3/H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1
제품 ID:
I001207
계통(Strain):
C57BL/6NCya
상태:
설명:
Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3) is a protein complex that functions as a co-receptor on T cells, playing a critical role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T cells (THs). CD3 comprises five transmembrane polypeptide chains—γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η—each contributing to the structural integrity and signaling capacity of the complex. The transmembrane domains of CD3 form salt bridges with the transmembrane regions of the T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains, assembling into the TCR-CD3 complex that mediates antigen recognition by T cells [1-2]. Upon antigen engagement by the TCR, activation signals are transduced intracellularly via CD3. CD3 is expressed with high specificity throughout all stages of T cell development and is therefore widely utilized as an immunohistochemical marker for T cell identification. Moreover, CD3 is present in nearly all T cell lymphomas and leukemias, enabling differential diagnosis from morphologically similar B cell and myeloid malignancies. Given its pivotal role in T cell activation and antigen recognition, CD3 has emerged as a key therapeutic target in immunosuppressive strategies for type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune disorders [3].
The B2M gene encodes β2-microglobulin, a serum protein that associates with the heavy chain of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and is essential for their surface expression on virtually all nucleated cells. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), also referred to as MHC molecules, are cell-surface proteins responsible for antigen presentation. The HLA system comprises class I, class II, and class III molecules. HLA class I molecules—including HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C—primarily present antigens to CD8⁺ T cells and are central to immune surveillance. Through HLA class I–mediated antigen presentation, the immune system can detect aberrant peptides and initiate targeted cytotoxic responses for immune clearance. HLA-A2.1 is a subtype of HLA class I and represents one of the most prevalent HLA alleles worldwide.
The B6-hCD3/H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mouse model is generated by crossing B6-hCD3 mice (catalog no. C001325) with H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mice (catalog no. I001138). These mice co-express human CD3, human β2-microglobulin, and HLA-A0201 proteins in vivo. This model enables mechanistic investigation of T cell activation, antigen recognition, and antigen presentation, and serves as a versatile platform for evaluating immunosuppressive therapies in autoimmune diseases, studying human viral infections, and developing and testing novel viral vaccines.
Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3) is a protein complex that functions as a co-receptor on T cells, playing a critical role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T cells (THs). CD3 comprises five transmembrane polypeptide chains—γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η—each contributing to the structural integrity and signaling capacity of the complex. The transmembrane domains of CD3 form salt bridges with the transmembrane regions of the T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains, assembling into the TCR-CD3 complex that mediates antigen recognition by T cells [1-2]. Upon antigen engagement by the TCR, activation signals are transduced intracellularly via CD3. CD3 is expressed with high specificity throughout all stages of T cell development and is therefore widely utilized as an immunohistochemical marker for T cell identification. Moreover, CD3 is present in nearly all T cell lymphomas and leukemias, enabling differential diagnosis from morphologically similar B cell and myeloid malignancies. Given its pivotal role in T cell activation and antigen recognition, CD3 has emerged as a key therapeutic target in immunosuppressive strategies for type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune disorders [3].
The B2M gene encodes β2-microglobulin, a serum protein that associates with the heavy chain of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and is essential for their surface expression on virtually all nucleated cells. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), also referred to as MHC molecules, are cell-surface proteins responsible for antigen presentation. The HLA system comprises class I, class II, and class III molecules. HLA class I molecules—including HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C—primarily present antigens to CD8⁺ T cells and are central to immune surveillance. Through HLA class I–mediated antigen presentation, the immune system can detect aberrant peptides and initiate targeted cytotoxic responses for immune clearance. HLA-A2.1 is a subtype of HLA class I and represents one of the most prevalent HLA alleles worldwide.
The B6-hCD3/H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mouse model is generated by crossing B6-hCD3 mice (catalog no. C001325) with H11-hB2M&HLA-A2.1 mice (catalog no. I001138). These mice co-express human CD3, human β2-microglobulin, and HLA-A0201 proteins in vivo. This model enables mechanistic investigation of T cell activation, antigen recognition, and antigen presentation, and serves as a versatile platform for evaluating immunosuppressive therapies in autoimmune diseases, studying human viral infections, and developing and testing novel viral vaccines.
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