Caln1-flox Mouse

Caln1, also known as calneuron 1, is a member of the calmodulin superfamily. It encodes a neuron-specific protein mapping to chromosome 7q11, with potential roles in signal transduction due to its high homology with calmodulin. It may be significant in neuron physiology, potentially related to memory and learning [8]. It is also involved in membrane remodeling processes, interacting with proteins like APOL3 to control PI(4)P synthesis, which is crucial for infection-induced inflammation processes [4,7].

In bladder cancer, CALN1 hypomethylation is associated with advanced tumor stage, high histological grade, and is an independent risk factor for intravesical recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, suggesting its potential as a biomarker [1]. In schizophrenia, CALN1 has been identified as a target of miR-137, with miR-137 overexpression reducing CALN1 expression, indicating a possible role in the disease mechanism [2]. In glioma, CALN1 expression is decreased and positively correlated with prognosis, and its abnormal decrease may lead to the invasion of tumor-promoting immune cells, making it a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target [3]. In aldosterone-producing adenoma, CALN1 overexpression increases Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum and aldosterone production, and silencing CALN1 prevents aldosterone production, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for excess aldosterone production [5]. In metastatic osteosarcoma, exosomal miR-675 down-regulates CALN1 expression, promoting cell migration and invasion, and serum exosomal miR-675 may serve as a biomarker for metastasis [6].

In conclusion, Caln1 is involved in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Its functions range from being potentially important in neuron-related physiological activities to playing roles in various cancers, schizophrenia, and aldosterone-related disorders. Studies on Caln1 contribute to understanding disease mechanisms and may offer new perspectives for biomarker discovery and therapeutic targeting.