Glg1-KO Mouse

Glg1, also known as Golgi glycoprotein 1, is an intracellular fibroblast growth factor receptor located in the Golgi apparatus [2]. It is associated with various biological processes and diseases.

In Ewing sarcoma, high BCL11B and/or GLG1 immunoreactivity in CD99-positive cases can help diagnose the disease with high specificity and accuracy, potentially serving as specific auxiliary immunohistochemical markers in conjunction with CD99, especially when confirmatory molecular diagnostics are unavailable [1,8]. In cancer, the drug memantine can suppress the growth of malignant glioma and breast cancer cells, upregulate GLG1 mRNA expression, alter its splicing variant profiles, and change its cellular localization, suggesting that the modulation of GLG1 may be one of the mechanisms underlying memantine's cancer-suppressive effects [2]. In gastric cancer, FUT3 promotes cell migration and invasion by synthesizing Lea on ITGA6 and GLG1, with GLG1 affecting vesicle distribution [3].

In yeast, Glg1, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis, was used as an autophagic reporter. Results showed that glycogen autophagy is a non-selective process in nitrogen-starved Komagataella phaffii yeast as both normal Glg1-GFP and mutated Glg1Y212F-GFP were equally well delivered to the vacuole [4]. In the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, Glg1, which initiates glycogen synthesis, was found to influence the formation of both glycogen and the cell wall, as cells missing Glg1 lack α-1,4-glucan in their walls, indicating a link between glycogen and cell wall material [5].

In mice ovarian granulosa cells, Glg1, a downstream target gene of miR-7a2, is down-regulated by taurine, and Glg1 knockdown increases Cyp19a1 expression and estrogen synthesis, suggesting its role in the p38/miR-7a/Glg1/Cyp19a1 signaling pathway regulating estrogen synthesis [6]. A circular RNA derived from GLG1 mRNA (circ_GLG1) promotes colorectal cancer progression by targeting miR-622 and regulating KRAS expression [7].

In conclusion, Glg1 plays diverse and important roles in various biological processes and diseases. In cancer, it is involved in diagnosis, drug-related mechanisms, and tumor progression. In yeast, it helps understand glycogen autophagy. In the ovary, it is part of the estrogen-regulating pathway. The study of Glg1 in different models provides insights into its functions and potential applications in disease diagnosis and treatment.